Canada vs USA: Universities, Eligibility, Cost of Studying in 2025

Canada offers affordable education, a welcoming society, and opportunities for migration, employment opportunities, economic growth, professional growth, and better quality of life. And, the USA emphasizes prestigious universities, research, and innovation, providing benefits in quality of life and career prospects. However, education in the USA tends to be pricier. For affordability and a chance at a better life, consider Canada. 

When choosing between Canada and the USA for studying, important factors to consider include the cost of education, eligibility, cultural diversity, student visa job prospects, and academic opportunities. This blog - Canada vs USA for Indian Students, provides comprehensive information on these critical factors to help Indian students choose the best destination for their studies.

Canada vs USA: Quality of education

Both Canada and the USA are renowned for their top-notch education systems. The USA boasts globally acclaimed universities, known for their academic brilliance, while Canada has emerged as a leading education hub, offering rigorous programs and research opportunities in its universities and colleges. Choosing between the two countries depends on individual academic interests and goals, as both offer quality education experiences.

Canada vs USA: Top Universities

Below are tables comparing the top universities in Canada and the USA for International students.

Canada Top Universities

The table below lists the top universities in Canada with popular courses based on their rankings.

S. no	Canada Top Universities	QS Ranking 2025	Top courses
1	University of Toronto	25	Computer Science, Engineering, Business
2	McGill University	29	Medicine, Law, Arts
3	University of British Columbia	38	Psychology, Economics, Environmental Science
4	University of Alberta	96	Medicine, Engineering, Business
5	University of Waterloo	115	Computer Science, Engineering, Mathematics
6	University of Calgary	=198	Medicine, Engineering, Business
7	McMaster University	=176	Health Sciences, Business, Engineering
8	Western University	=120	Law, Psychology, Engineering
9	Queen's University	193	Economics, Business, Engineering
10	Simon Fraser University	319	Communication, Criminology, Business

US Top Universities

The table below lists the top universities in the USA with popular courses based on their rankings.

S. no	US Top Universities	QS Ranking 2025	Top courses
1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	1	Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Mathematics
2	Stanford University	6	Business Administration, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Biology, Economics
3	Harvard University	4	Law, Medicine, Psychology, Computer Science, Economics
4	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	10	Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Electrical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
5	University of Chicago	21	Economics, Political Science, Psychology
6	Princeton University	22	Mathematics, Engineering, Public Policy
7	University of Pennsylvania	11	Finance, Biology, Psychology
8	Yale University	23	History, Literature, Law
9	Columbia University	=34	Journalism, Film Studies, International Relations
10	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	42	Film and Television, Computer Science, Psychology

Canada vs USA: Eligibility criteria

The criteria for admission are vital when seeking entry into universities in Canada and the United States. These criteria fluctuate among different institutions and programs, including academic records, test scores, recommendation letters, essays, and extracurricular involvement. Below, you'll discover the admission criteria for both Canadian and American universities.

Take a look to grasp what's needed for your application process.

Eligibility Criteria for Canada Universities

Undergraduate (UG) Admission Requirements:

• High School Diploma
• Academic Transcripts
• Prerequisite Courses
• Grade Point Average (GPA)
• Standardised Tests (SAT, ACT)
• English Language Proficiency (TOEFL, IELTS or PTE)

Postgraduate (PG) Admission Requirements:

• Bachelor's Degree
• Academic Transcripts
• Minimum GPA
• Standardised Tests (GRE, GMAT)
• Letters of Recommendation
• Statement of Purpose/Personal Statement
• English Language Proficiency (TOEFL, IELTS or PTE)

Eligibility criteria of US Universities

Undergraduate (UG) Admission Requirements:

• High School Diploma
• Academic Transcripts
• Standardised Tests (SAT, ACT)
• Prerequisite Courses
• Grade Point Average (GPA)
• Letters of Recommendation
• Personal Statement/Essay
• Extracurricular Activities

Postgraduate (PG) Admission Requirements:

• Bachelor's Degree
• Academic Transcripts
• Standardised Tests (GRE, GMAT)
• Letters of Recommendation
• Statement of Purpose/Personal Statement
• Resume/CV
• Research Proposal (if applicable)
• English Language Proficiency (TOEFL, IELTS)

Canada vs USA: Popular Cities to Study for International Students

The following sections showcase popular student cities for studying in both Canada and the United States.

Popular Student Cities to Study in Canada

The table below highlights popular student cities in Canada with QS ranking 2025,

S. no	Canada cities	QS Ranking 2025
1	Toronto	11
2	Vancouver	19
3	Montreal	10
4	Ottawa	57
5	London	1
6	Quebec	128
7	Calgary	NA
8	Hamilton	NA
9	Waterloo	NA
10	Edmonton	NA

Popular Student cities to study in USA

The table below showcases popular student cities in the United States with QS ranking 2025,

S. no	US cities	QS Ranking 2025
1	Boston	16
2	New York	18
3	San Francisco	=29
4	Los Angeles	=37
5	Chicago	44
6	Washington, D.C.	70
7	Seattle	=88
8	Atlanta	=72
9	Philadelphia	65
10	San Diego	69

Canada vs USA: Cost of Studying

When comparing the cost of studying in Canada and the United States, key factors to consider include tuition fees, living expenses, and available financial aid. Canada generally has lower tuition fees and a more affordable cost of living, while the United States is known for higher tuition fees, particularly at private universities. Financial aid options are available in both countries. Ultimately, individual circumstances and program choices will impact the overall cost of studying in USA and Canada.

Canada vs USA: Costs of pursuing UG Courses

The following table provides a comparison of the cost of studying undergraduate (UG) courses in the United States and Canada.

Expenses	Pursuing UG course in USA	Pursuing UG course in Canada
Tuition Fees	Higher ($25,000-$50,000 per year)	Lower ($10,000-$40,000 per annum)
Living Expenses	Higher ($10,000-$20,000 per year)	Lower ($8,000-$15,000 per annum)
Duration	4 years	3-4 years
Scholarships	Available	Available
Student Loans	Available	Available

Canada vs USA: Costs of pursuing PG Courses

The table below provides a comparison of the cost of studying postgraduate (PG) courses in the United States and Canada.

Expenses	Pursuing PG course in USA	Pursuing PG course in Canada
Tuition fees	Higher ($20,000 - $50,000 per year)	Lower ($10,000 - $30,000 per annum)
Living Expenses	Higher ($10,000 - $20,000 per year)	Lower ($8,000 - $15,000 per annum)
Duration	1-2 years	1-2 years
Scholarships	Available	Available
Student Loans	Available	Available

Canada vs USA: Student Visa

Obtaining a student visa is of utmost importance for international students wishing to study abroad. It allows them to legally reside and pursue their education in a foreign country. The following are the essential requirements for obtaining a student visa in the USA and Canada.

Canada student visa requirements

To obtain a student visa in Canada, you typically need:

• Acceptance Letter from a designated learning institution (DLI)
• Valid passport/travel document
• Proof of financial support
• Study plan
• Language proficiency proof
• Medical examination (in some cases)
• Police clearance certificate
• Biometrics submission
• Application fee

USA student visa requirements

To obtain a student visa in the United States, you typically need:

• Acceptance Letter
• Form DS-160
• Form I-20
• Valid passport
• Proof of financial resources
• English proficiency evidence
• Paid visa application fee
• Attend a visa interview

Canada vs USA: Post-Graduate Work Visa

Both Canada and the USA offer post-graduate visas to international students, enabling valuable work experience post-studies. These visas aim to enrich student experiences, develop skills, and boost the local economy.

Canada Post-Graduate Work Permit

The Canada Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) is an immigration program that allows students to work in the country after graduation. The PGWP is typically issued for a duration equivalent to the length of the program, up to a maximum of three years. It provides graduates with an opportunity to gain Canadian work experience and potentially qualify for permanent residency through other immigration pathways. The PGWP is a valuable incentive for international students and contributes to Canada's goal of attracting and retaining skilled talent.

US Post-Graduate Work Visa

In the United States, the post-graduate work visa is commonly known as Optional Practical Training (OPT). OPT allows international students to work in the US for up to 12 months after completing their degree program. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) graduates may be eligible for a 24-month extension. OPT provides an opportunity for graduates to gain practical work experience related to their field of study and make valuable connections in the U.S. job market. It serves as a bridge between education and professional employment for international students in the United States.

Canada vs USA: Scholarships for Indian Students

Scholarships are vital for international students as they provide financial assistance, ease the burden of educational expenses, and enable access to quality education and diverse cultural experiences. In the table below, you will find scholarships for Indian students in USA and scholarships in Canada for Indian students, offering valuable funding opportunities for aspiring students.

S. no	US Scholarship	Canada Scholarship
1	Inlaks Shivdasani Foundation scholarships	Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships
2	Fulbright Foreign Student Program	Trudeau Foundation Scholarships
3	Gates Millennium Scholars Program	Ontario Graduate Scholarship
4	AAUW International Fellowships	NSERC Postgraduate Scholarships (PGS)
5	Knight-Hennessy Scholars Program	Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships
6	Schwarzman Scholars Program	Lester B. Pearson International Scholarships
7	Rotary Peace Fellowships	University of Calgary Graduate Awards
8	Humphrey Fellowship Program	Carleton University Entrance Scholarships
9	Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans	University of Toronto Scholarships
10	Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Program	University of British Columbia Scholarships
11	Stanford Graduate Fellowships	Queen's University Graduate Awards

Canada vs USA: Average Salary Range of Popular Jobs

Jobs in Canada:

• Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's focus on job security during the COVID-19 Pandemic for both citizens and immigrants.
• Steady decline in Canada's unemployment rate, reaching 5.67% in 2019.
• In-demand jobs in Canada in 2025:
   - Web Developer with an annual salary of $62,522.
   - Medical Workers earning at least $76,362.
   - Restaurant Servers with salaries ranging from $24,668 to $30,377.
   - Supply Truck Drivers earning between $45,825 and $77,903.
   - Standard work hours in Canada: 8 hours per day (40 hours per week) in the federally regulated sector.
   - Minimum of 10 paid leaves annually in Canadian companies.

Working in the US:

• The USA as a major global hub for industries.
• Concerns about job security in the US in 2025, with one-third of the population worried about job loss or reduced salaries.
• Recession-proof jobs during the pandemic in the US:
   - Domestic Health Workers with an annual salary of $24,200.
   - Software Developers earning $103,620.
   - High-Skilled Nurses with a salary of $107,030.
   - Market Analysts earning $63,120.
• Average work hours in the USA: Approximately 34.4 hours per week (as of 2019, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics).
• Minimum of 10 paid annual leaves for all employees in the USA.

Highlights:

• In terms of compensation, the USA generally offers higher salary packages.
• Canada boasts better healthcare, more maternity leave, and other social benefits.
• Average work hours are slightly higher in Canada compared to the US.
  Both countries provide a similar annual leave structure.

Check more jobs and the average salary in both countries Canada and USA given in the below table:

Job Title	Canada (CAD)	USA (USD)
Software Engineer	$70,000 - $120,000 per year	$80,000 - $140,000 per annum
Registered Nurse	$60,000 - $100,000 per year	$60,000 - $110,000 per annum
Accountant	$50,000 - $90,000 per year	$50,000 - $100,000 per annum
Marketing Manager	$60,000 - $110,000 per year	$70,000 - $130,000 per annum
Financial Analyst	$55,000 - $120,000 per year	$60,000 - $130,000 per annum
Civil Engineer	$65,000 - $85,000 per year	$70,000 - $90,000 per annum
Graphic Designer	$40,000 - $80,000 per year	$45,000 - $85,000 per annum
Sales Manager	$60,000 - $110,000 per year	$70,000 - $130,000 per annum
Human Resources	$50,000 - $140,000 per year	$55,000 - $150,000 per annum
Physical Therapist	$60,000 - $100,000 per year	$60,000 - $110,000 per annum

Know more about Jobs in Canada for Indians

Canada vs USA: Permanent Residency

Permanent Residency (PR) should be applied when individuals intend to establish a long-term residence in a country. They can also enjoy the benefits of being a permanent resident, including the right to live, work, and access various social services. PR (Permanent Residency) is sought to gain stability, security, and the opportunity to contribute to the community and economy of the host country.

PR in Canada

Permanent Residency (PR) in Canada is the status granted to international students, allowing them to live, work, and study in Canada on a permanent basis. It offers benefits such as access to healthcare, education, and the ability to sponsor family members. 

Obtaining PR in Canada is relatively easier compared to many other countries. The Canadian government offers streamlined immigration programs like Express Entry, Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs), and family sponsorship, simplifying the process. However, it is important to note that applicants must still meet eligibility criteria, submit documentation, and follow the necessary procedures. Thorough research and understanding of the programs are crucial before applying for PR in Canada.

PR in USA

Permanent Residency (PR), commonly known as a Green Card, is a legal status in the United States that allows international students to study in USA, live and work permanently in the country. It offers numerous benefits, including the right to work in any lawful job, access to social services, and the opportunity to sponsor family members. PR is sought by individuals looking for long-term residence and the privileges that come with being a permanent resident.

Obtaining a Green Card in the United States involves a thorough process, often through employer or family sponsorship, or participation in specific immigration programs. Green Card holders, also known as permanent residents, enjoy many rights and responsibilities similar to U.S. citizens, excluding voting in federal elections and certain government positions. They also have the option to apply for U.S. citizenship after meeting eligibility requirements. It's essential for individuals interested in pursuing PR in the U.S. to seek reliable information from official sources or immigration professionals to understand the specific requirements and procedures involved.

Canada vs USA: Taxes

Taxes in Canada

In Canada, students are generally required to pay taxes on their income. If students earn income from employment, such as part-time jobs or internships, they are subject to federal and provincial income taxes, just like any other taxpayer. 

For example: If the student is a resident of Ontario and has a part-time job earning an annual income of $20,000. The approximate total tax amount for this scenario would be around $9,612.47 including the Federal Tax and Provincial Tax.

Taxes in USA

In the United States, students are also generally required to pay taxes on their income. Whether they work part-time jobs, internships, or receive scholarships or grants, they may be subject to federal and state income taxes.

For example: If the student is a resident of the United States and has a part-time job earning an annual income of $20,000. The approximate total tax amount for this scenario would be around $9,612.47 including the Federal Tax and Provincial Tax.

Climate in USA & Canada

Understanding the climatic conditions of a study destination is crucial for students as it directly impacts their daily life, well-being, and overall experience. It helps them prepare for seasonal variations, adapt to different weather patterns, and ensure their comfort and safety. 

Canada and the USA have diverse climates due to their size and geographical features. In Canada, winters are generally cold with variations across the country, while the southern regions experience milder winters and hotter summers. 

Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island):

• Summer (June-August): 55°F - 75°F
• Winter (December-February): 10°F - 30°F

Quebec and Ontario:

• Summer (June-August): 65°F - 80°F
• Winter (December-February): 15°F - 30°F

Prairie Provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta):

• Summer (June-August): 65°F - 85°F
• Winter (December-February): -5°F - 20°F

British Columbia:

• Summer (June-August): 65°F - 85°F
• Winter (December-February): 25°F - 45°F

Northern Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut):

• Summer (June-August): 45°F - 65°F
• Winter (December-February): -30°F - -10°F

The USA exhibits a range of climate zones, from tropical to arid, with variations in temperature and precipitation. Coastal areas tend to have milder temperatures, while central regions may experience extreme weather events. 

• Northeast and Midwest: Summer (June-August): 70°F - 85°F and Winter (December-February): 20°F - 40°F
  
  
• Southeast: Summer (June-August): 80°F - 95°F and Winter (December-February): 40°F - 60°F
  
  
• Southwest: Summer (June-August): 90°F - 105°F and Winter (December-February): 50°F - 70°F
  
  
• West Coast: Summer (June-August): 70°F - 85°F and Winter (December-February): 50°F - 65°F

Students should research the specific climatic conditions of their desired study destination within these countries to effectively prepare and adapt to the local climate.

Conclusion

Indian students considering studying abroad often weigh the options of Canada and the USA. While both offer quality education and vibrant student communities, factors such as affordability, post-graduation work opportunities, and immigration policies differ. A wise decision between "Canada vs USA" for Indian students is crucial, ensuring the best fit for their academic and career aspirations.

FAQS

1. Canada vs USA, which is better for Indian students?

Canada is more affordable for Indian students compared to USA in terms of tuition fees and living expenses.

2. Are there better post-graduation work opportunities in Canada or the USA for Indian students?

Both Canada and the USA offer post-graduation work opportunities for international students. However, Canada's post-graduation work permit program allows graduates to work for up to three years, making it an attractive option for Indian students.

3. What are the immigration policies of Canada and the USA?

Canada has student-friendly immigration policies, including the opportunity to apply for permanent residency through various pathways. The USA also offers immigration opportunities, but the processes and requirements may differ.

4. Are scholarships available for Indian students in Canada and the USA?

Both countries provide scholarships and financial aid options for international students. It is advisable to research and explore the specific scholarship opportunities offered by universities and external organisations.

5. Which country has a better job market for Indian students after graduation, Canada or the USA?

The job markets in both Canada and the USA are competitive, but the specific opportunities may vary depending on the field of study, location, and individual circumstances.

6. How do the education systems in Canada and the USA differ for Indian students?

The education systems in both countries have their own strengths and differences. Canadian universities are known for their research-based programs, while American universities often focus on a broader range of subjects and offer flexible curriculum options.

7. Are there specific support services available for Indian students in Canada and the USA?

Canadian and American universities have support services dedicated to assisting Indian students. These services may include orientation programs, counselling, career services, and student clubs or associations that cater to the needs.

8. Which is best Canada or USA for Indian students?

The choice between Canada and the USA depends on individual preferences and academic goals for Indian students.

9. Is it better to study in Canada or the US?

Deciding whether to study in Canada or the US hinges on personal priorities and the specific educational opportunities each country offers.

10. Who has better education USA or Canada?

The quality of education in the USA and Canada varies based on individual preferences and program offerings.

11. Is Canada still good for Indian students?

Yes. Canada continues to be a favorable choice for Indian students, but the decision depends on individual needs and aspirations.