Flawed Beauty Reading Answers

In the table down below, you'll find a list of Flawed Beauty reading answers. If there are any mistakes in your answers, fix them.

1. G	5. F	9. E	13. False
2. A	6. I	10. L
3. H	7. C	11. True
4. C	8. K	12. Not given

Get ready to take the IELTS Reading Test with the help of the following tips and strategies. Study the sample questions and in-depth explanations provided in the Flawed Beauty reading answers to raise your test scores.

Flawed beauty reading answers were provided for all IELTS reading question types. Completing the provided practice test and becoming proficient in the skills tested by the IELTS will greatly improve your reading score. Our practice test consists of the following types of questions.

• IELTS Reading True/False/Not given
• IELTS Reading matching features
• IELTS Reading summary completion

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IELTS Reading Passage: Flawed Beauty

Questions 1-13 are based on the text below; set aside about 20 minutes to answer them. Once you've completed the test, you can review your answers using the "Flawed Beauty  IELTS reading answers" with locations.

      Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass

1. A large pane of toughened glass in the roof of a shopping centre at Bishops Walk in the British town of Cirencester shattered and fell from its frame without warning on a particularly hot day on August 2, 1999.
   
   
2. Experts from the global glass manufacturer Pilkington. which produced the shattered pane, analysed the pieces and concluded that tiny crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass resulted in failure.
   
   
3. The glass industry is aware of the problem,' says Brian Waldron, chairman of the Glass and Glazing Federation's standards committee and standards development officer at Pilkington. However, he maintains that cases are few and far between. 'It's a very rare occurrence,' he says.
   
   
4. While some may disagree, others may not. According to consultant engineer Barrie Josie, who is part of the Bishops Walk investigation, "on average I see about one or two buildings a month suffering from nickel sulphide related failures." Similar accounts have been made by other authorities. According to Tony Wilmott of the London-based consulting engineers Sandberg and Simon Armstrong of the Hampshire-based CladTech Associates, each of them has heard of hundreds of such cases. What you're hearing is just the tip of the iceberg. Queensland. He thinks it's because 'no one wants bad press.'
   
   
5. Toughened glass can be found in a wide variety of applications, from automobiles and bus stops to the windows, walls, and roofs of tens of thousands of buildings around the world. Why this would be the case is obvious. This glass is five times as strong as regular glass, and when it does break, the fragments are small and harmless rather than long and sharp. It is highly regarded by architects because large panels can be bolted together to create see-through walls, and it is almost as simple to transform into ceilings and floors.
   
   
6. The process involves softening a sheet of regular glass to about 620°C, allowing its structure to expand, and then rapidly cooling the glass with jets of cold air to create the desired shape. This results in the outer layer of the window pane contracting and solidifying before the interior. A tensile force is generated within the glass when the interior solidifies and contracts, pulling on the exterior and permanently compressing it. While cracks spread more easily in materials that are under tension, the compressive force acting on the surface of the glass needs to be overcome before the pane will break.
   
   
7. The issue arises when the glass has impurities of nickel sulphide. In addition to the usual presence of sulphur and nickel in the raw materials, nickel can also be introduced into the molten glass if fragments of nickel alloys happen to fall in. These atoms react with one another as the glass is heated, forming minuscule crystals of nickel sulphide. Up to 50,000 crystals can be produced from as little as a tenth of a gramme of nickel in a furnace.
   
   
8. The alpha phase, in which the crystals are extremely dense, is stable at high temperatures, while the beta phase, in which the crystals are relatively loosely packed, is stable at room temperature. All the crystals are altered to the compact alpha form by the high temperatures used in the toughening process. However, the crystals are unable to revert to the beta phase because of the rapid cooling that follows. That leaves alpha crystals in the glass in an unstable state, ready to snap back to beta at any moment.
   
   
9. This causes the crystals to expand by up to 4%. And if they are in the pane's central, tensile region, the stresses that result can shatter the entire sheet. The time elapsed before failure is unpredictable. It could happen months after manufacture or decades later, though if the glass is heated - for example, by sunlight - the process is accelerated. The oldest pane of toughened glass known to have failed due to nickel sulphide inclusions, according to Graham Dodd of consulting engineers Arup in London, was in Pilkington's glass research building in Lathom, Lancashire. The pane had been in use for 27 years.
   
   
10. Extent of the nickel sulphide issue data Try as you might, you won't be able to locate it. The fact that these crystals form in clusters further complicates the picture. If one pane of glass fails due to nickel sulphide, it's likely that more than one pane is affected, even if the average rate of inclusions is 1 per 7 metric tonnes of glass. According to Josie, he has worked on more than 15 failed buildings in the last decade.
    
    
11. Waterfront Place, which was built in 1990, is a particularly bad example of this. The 40-story Brisbane building experienced a series of failures over the subsequent decade. Before professionals were called in, eighty panes of its toughened glass shattered due to inclusions. Each pane of glass in the structure was examined by John Barry, a specialist in nickel sulphide contamination from the University of Queensland. A photographer rode up in a cradle with a studio camera to capture images of each pane. Nickel sulphide crystals were searched for by running them through a customised microfiche reader. "We found at least another 120 panes with potentially dangerous inclusions," says Barry. It took about six months to complete and was very costly and time consuming.
    
    
12. The total cost of the project was A$1.6 million (nearly £700,000), but the cost of recladding the entire building would have been at least ten times that.

Flawed Beauty Reading Questions

Questions 1-3

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet, write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. The cause of the accident on Bishops Walk was widely accepted to be a careless pedestrian.
2. Toughened glass can be mistaken for regular glass because of how similar the two look.
3. Numerous reports detail the frequency of nickel sulphide failure.

Click to know more about IELTS reading True/False/Not given

Questions 4-7

Look at the following people and the list of statements below.
Match each person with the correct statement.

Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 4-7 on your answer sheet.

List of statements: 

1. It appears that public awareness of the nickel sulphide failure has been stifled.
2. Cases of nickel sulphide failure occur on a regular basis.
3. All of the glass in one building was carefully examined.
4. Bishops Walk was built with my assistance.
5. Recommendation for waterfront reconstruction
6. Thinks toughened glass benefits are exaggerated
7. Claims that nickel sulphide failure is extremely rare
8. The most extreme case of delayed failure.

      4.  Brian Waldron
      5.  Trevor Ford
      6.  Graham Dodd
      7.  John Barry

Click to know more about IELTS reading Matching features 

Questions 8-13

Complete the summary with the list of words A-P below.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

Toughened Glass:

Toughened glass is preferred by architects because it is much stronger than ordinary glass and produces fewer fragments 8.__________ when it breaks. It does, however, have one drawback: it can shatter 9._________. This flaw is caused by the manufacturing process. Ordinary glass is heated first, then rapidly cooled 10.__________. The outer layer 11._________ before the inner layer, and the tension created between the two layers makes the glass stronger. However, if the glass contains nickel sulphide impurities, nickel sulphide crystals form. These are unstable and can quickly expand, especially if the weather is 12.__________. If this occurs, the pane of glass may shatter. The frequency of such problems is 13.___________ by glass experts Furthermore, without sophisticated equipment, the crystals cannot be detected.

1. Numerous
2. Detected
3. Quickly
4. Agreed
5. Warm
6. Sharp
7. Expands
8. Slowly
9. Unexpectedly
10. Removed
11. Contracts
12. Disputes 
13. Cold
14. Moved
15. Small
16. calculated

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Flawed Beauty reading answers with Explanation

Flawed Beauty reading answers with explanations can help you correct errors and identify the information needed for your answer.

(Note: The text in italics from the reading passage shows the location from where the answer is taken or inferred.) 

1.  True

Explanation: In paragraph B, “Experts from the global glass manufacturer Pilkington. which produced the shattered pane, analysed the pieces and concluded that tiny crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass resulted in failure”.

2. Not given 

Explanation: –

3. False

Explanation: - In the second last line of paragraph D, “What you're hearing is just the tip of the iceberg”.

4. G

Explanation: In the last two lines of paragraph C, “However, he maintains that cases are few and far between. 'It's a very rare occurrence,' he says”.

5. A

Explanation: In the last line of paragraph D, “He thinks it's because 'no one wants bad press”.

6. H 

Explanation: - In the last three lines of paragraph I, “the oldest pane of toughened glass to break due to nickel sulphide inclusions was found in Pilkington's glass research building in Lathom, Lancashire”.

7. C

Explanation: -  In the fourth, fifth and sixth lines of paragraph K, “Each pane of glass in the structure was examined by John Barry, a specialist in nickel sulphide contamination from the University of Queensland”.

8. F

Explanation: - In the fourth and fifth lines of paragraph E, “This glass is five times as strong as regular glass, and when it does break, the fragments are small and harmless rather than long and sharp”.

9.  I 

Explanation: In the second and third lines of paragraph I, “tensile region, the stresses that result can shatter the entire sheet. The time elapsed before failure is unpredictable”.

10. C 

Explanation: In the second line of paragraph F, “and then rapidly cooling the glass with jets of cold air to create”.

11. K

Explanation: In the third line of paragraph F, “This results in the outer layer of the window pane contracting and solidifying before the interior”.

12. E

Explanation: In the last second line of paragraph H,“ However, the crystals are unable to revert to the beta phase because of the rapid cooling that follows”.

13. L

Explanation: In the third line of paragraph I, “The time elapsed before failure is unpredictable”.

Check the other reading passages

Click to check the other important reading passages listed below,

• The swiffer reading answers
• Optimism and health reading answers
• The loch ness monster reading answers

Conclusion

Reading "Flawed Beauty reading answers" can assist you in improving your IELTS score. Following the links above will take you to more IELTS reading answers and practise tests. As a result, this post has been written to help you score better in the IELTS reading test.