The Immunisation Controversy Reading Answers

In this article, we have given The immunisation controversy reading practice questions and answers with explanations. Based on the reading passage, 13 questions are asked, with 3 different questions types. 7 questions as matching heading, 3 questions as matching features, and 4 questions as multiple choice type.

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Table of contents:

• Solution for the immunisation controversy
• The Immunisation Controversy IELTS reading practice test
• Passage
• Questions
• Answers with explanations

Solution for The Immunisation Controversy

We have given the immunisation controversy reading answers, in the table given below.

Answer Table

1. vi	4. ix	7. iii	10. D	13. B
2. viii	5. x	8. A	11. C	14. C
3. i	6. iv	9. C	12. A

The Immunisation Controversy IELTS Reading Practice Test- Exam Review

We have given the immunisation controversy IELTS reading answers. This article will assist you to be excellent in the IELTS reading practice to challenge your reading skill and read the given passage to answer the questions.

Passage

We have given the immunisation controversy reading answers with location. Go through the given passage carefully and answer the questions.

The Immunisation Controversy Reading Answers

1. Carl Sagan once said, ‘Science loses ground to pseudo-science because the latter seems to offer more comfort.’ Yes, hard science, proven facts, and indisputable logic are often not sufficiently consoling and thus routinely eliminated from the equation. Never, though, has this been more distressing than with the so-called ‘anti-vaccination’ movement. The end result has been the needless death of very young children, the most helpless of bystanders, and yet it seems there is no end in sight.
2. It is strange to believe that vaccination, with such a long and distinguished track record, is now under assault. Smallpox, for example, had killed over half a billion human beings throughout history but was eradicated — completely removed from the face of the Earth — via immunization programs. Similarly, polio, rubella, whooping cough, measles, and a slew of other diseases which routinely decimated the youth are now, virtually, things of the past. The days of high infant mortality, short life spans, and nasty brutish lives are indeed long gone, and we owe it all to this crucial insight into disease prevention.
3. And this is part of the problem. With the once terrible epidemics lying outside of human memory, a growing number of people are convinced that vaccinations are no longer necessary, and that the small risk of adverse effects outweighs the benefits. One reason for this belief is that many genetic disorders related to brain impairment often emerge at around two years of age — that is, the same period in which babies receive vaccinations. If one in a hundred babies is destined to develop autism among a vaccinated group, then observable symptoms of the problem will likely appear after a vaccination shot, leading distraught parents to link one event to the other.
4. This misattribution is compounded by the Internet, which now hosts a sprawling forum of anti-vaccination lobby groups and their websites, full of unsubstantiated claims, fraudulent research, anecdotal evidence, and the passionate tirades of multitudes, firmly convinced of the correctness of their case. Authority is undermined, statistics ignored, and hard science excluded. Is it so surprising? If creationists and alternative medicine practitioners can gain respectability and widespread public and political support, so too can the pseudo-science of the anti-vaccinationists. When faced with this wave of propaganda, it would be hard for many parents, motivated by the intense desire to protect their children, not to be influenced.
5. At this point, it must be clarified that there is no credible evidence whatsoever to support the anti-vaccinationists’ claims. Over a score of peer-reviewed studies have found nothing to link the MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) vaccine to autism, or even the more subtle neurological problems, and every reason to continue with vaccinations. The so-called increase in autism so often attributed to vaccinations merely results from more accurate diagnoses. Children who in the past would have been labeled as ‘retarded’ or ‘slow’ are now identified as having one of the three main grades of autism (which is probably genetically determined). Yet this argument falls on deaf ears, and the counter-claimants have succeeded in reducing vaccination rates among certain communities to the extent that outbreaks of preventable childhood illnesses (such as polio, meningitis, and measles) are occurring.
6. The MMR controversy is a sad case. In 1998, a high-profile paper linked this vaccine to autism. It was later shown that the author was receiving funds from various groups engaged in a lawsuit against vaccine manufacturers and that the study was both ethically and methodologically faulty. Data had been manipulated and results were misreported. Similar studies found no link whatsoever, and in 2004, the medical journal that hosted the original article formally retracted its conclusion. Yet vaccination rates in the UK had dropped to 80% in the subsequent years. In late 1999, a measles outbreak occurred in North Dublin (which had vaccination rates as low as 60%), resulting in 100 hospitalizations and three deaths.
7. One of the key arguments of the anti-vaccinationists is that they have the right to choose their medication. These people attack what they see as the impersonal, intrusive, and uncaring ediéce of modern medical science. However, the success of immunization programs depends on a sufficiently high number of the population being immune, which forces the disease to die out through lack of carriers. If there are enough susceptible individuals to provide a chain of disease transmission, safety is compromised for all, and this is why free choice should not be an issue, particularly when the hard evidence presents an overwhelming case. Personally, I would have thought that when children started dying from preventable diseases, the anti-vaccinationists’ case would die too.
8. But there are other agendas at play. Anti-vaccinationists can posture as moral crusaders, dismissing those who support immunization as being in the payment of big pharmaceutical companies, whom they see as dishonest and immoral. Talk show hosts, women’s magazines, paid ‘experts’, lawyers, and media celebrities, all benefit from creating controversy when none existed, while alternative medicine practitioners and snake-oil salesmen all oppose vaccination, believing that their own slew of pills, potions, and unproven expensive treatments do the job better. Against all this, how can rational science prevail?

Questions

Questions 1-7

• The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-H.
• Choose the correct heading for paragraph B-H from the list of headings.
• Write the correct number, i-x for each answer.

List of Headings

1. Easy publicity
2. Increasing outbreaks of disease
3. Some real reasons
4. All or nothing
5. Autism on the rise
6. Past successes
7. A sad consequence
8. An unfortunate coincidence
9. A simple explanation
10. Some dubious evidence

1. Paragraph B
2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E
5. Paragraph F
6. Paragraph G
7. Paragraph H

Questions 8-10

• Choose three answers from the list and write the correct letter, A-G, next to the questions. 
• For which three reasons, A-G, do anti-vaccinationists oppose vaccinations?

A. Believing they cause problems
B. Wanting to save money
C. Wanting freedom of choice
D. Not believing drug manufacturers
E. The pain of vaccinations
F. The influence of creationists
G. Preferring alternative medicine

Questions 11-14

• Choose the correct letter A,B, C or D

11. Autism is

A. Sometimes caused by vaccinations.
B. A very subtle neurological disorder.
C. Most likely inherited.
D. Increasing.

12. The 1998 paper was

A. The cause of falling vaccination rates.
B. Defended by the medical journal.
C. Verified by other studies.
D. Funded by patients.

13. Vaccinations

A. Have removed most smallpox from the world.
B. Are supported by solid evidence.
C. Are defended on some websites.
D. Are no longer necessary.

14. Alternative medicine practitioners

A. Believe vaccinations are generally good.
B. Can be impersonal and uncaring.
C. Are often supported by politicians.
D. Are often quite cheap.

Answers for the immunisation controversy with Explanation

In this section we have given the answer for the immunisation controversy reading answers with explanation. It will help you to identify your errors.

1. Answer: vi

Explanation: “The days of high infant mortality, short life spans, and nasty brutish lives are indeed long gone, and we owe it all to this crucial insight into disease prevention”. With this line it is clear that paragraph B discusses the past successful vaccine. Hence the given answer is located in the last 3 lines of paragraph B.

2. Answer: viii

Explanation: “If one in a hundred babies is destined to develop autism among a vaccinated group, then observable symptoms of the problem will likely appear after a vaccination shot, leading distraught parents to link one event to the other”. With this line it is clear that paragraph C states about the unfortunate coincidence. Hence the given answer is located in the last 3 lines of paragraph C.

3. Answer: i

Explanation: “This misattribution is compounded by the Internet, which now hosts a sprawling forum of anti-vaccination lobby groups and their websites, full of unsubstantiated claims, fraudulent research, anecdotal evidence, and the passionate tirades of multitudes, firmly convinced of the correctness of their case”. With this line it is clear that paragraph D states about easy publicity. Hence the given answer is located in the first 3 lines of paragraph D.

4. Answer: ix

Explanation: “Over a score of peer-reviewed studies have found nothing to link the MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) vaccine to autism, or even the more subtle neurological problems, and every reason to continue with vaccinations. The so-called increase in autism so often attributed to vaccinations merely results from more accurate diagnoses”. With this line it is clear that paragraph E states about the simple explanation of disorders. Hence the given answer is located in the 2-6 lines of paragraph E.

5. Answer: x

Explanation: “In 1998, a high-profile paper linked this vaccine to autism. It was later shown that the author was receiving funds from various groups engaged in a lawsuit against vaccine manufacturers and that the study was both ethically and methodologically faulty. Data had been manipulated and results were misreported”. With this line it is clear that paragraph F states about some dubious evidence. Hence the given answer is located in the 1-5 lines of paragraph F.

6. Answer: iv

Explanation: “However, the success of immunization programs depends on a sufficiently high number of the population being immune, which forces the disease to die out through lack of carriers. If there are enough susceptible individuals to provide a chain of disease transmission, safety is compromised for all, and this is why free choice should not be an issue, particularly when the hard evidence presents an overwhelming case”. With this line it is clear that paragraph G states about the fact that immunisation vaccines can protect all if a sufficiently high number of the population is immunized or will not have any effect if individuals provide a chain of disease transmission and the safety is compromised. Hence the given answer is located in the 3-8 lines of paragraph G.

7. Answer: iii

Explanation: “Anti-vaccinationists can posture as moral crusaders, dismissing those who support immunization as being in the payment of big pharmaceutical companies, whom they see as dishonest and immoral. Talk show hosts, women’s magazines, paid ‘experts’, lawyers, and media celebrities, all benefit from creating controversy when none existed, while alternative medicine practitioners and snake-oil salesmen all oppose vaccination, believing that their own slew of pills, potions, and unproven expensive treatments do the job better”. With this line it is clear that paragraph H states about some real reasons. Hence the given answer is located in paragraph H.

8. Answer: A

Explanation: “while alternative medicine practitioners and snake-oil salesmen all oppose vaccination, believing that their own slew of pills, potions, and unproven expensive treatments do the job better”. With this line it is clear that a group of anti-vaccinationists oppose vaccinations because they believe that it causes problems. Hence the given answer is located in the last 3 lines of paragraph H.

9. Answer: C

Explanation: “Talk show hosts, women’s magazines, paid ‘experts’, lawyers, and media celebrities, all benefit from creating controversy when none existed”. With this line it is clear that a group of anti-vaccinationists oppose vaccinations because they want freedom of choice. Hence the given answer is located in the 3-5 lines of paragraph H.

10. Answer: D

Explanation: “Anti-vaccinationists can posture as moral crusaders, dismissing those who support immunization as being in the payment of big pharmaceutical companies, whom they see as dishonest and immoral”. With this line it is clear that a group of anti-vaccinationists oppose vaccinations because they do not believe drug manufacturers. Hence the given answer is located in the first 3 lines of paragraph H.

11. Answer: C

Explanation: “Children who in the past would have been labeled as ‘retarded’ or ‘slow’ are now identified as having one of the three main grades of autism (which is probably genetically determined)”. With this line it is clear that Autism is most likely inherited. Hence the given answer is located in the 6-8 lines of paragraph E.

12. Answer: A

Explanation: “Yet vaccination rates in the UK had dropped to 80% in the subsequent years”. With this line it is clear that the 1998 paper was the cause of falling vaccination rates. Hence the given answer is located in the 7-8 lines of paragraph F.

13. Answer: B

Explanation: “Over a score of peer-reviewed studies have found nothing to link the MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) vaccine to autism, or even the more subtle neurological problems, and every reason to continue with vaccinations”. With this line it is clear that vaccinations are supported by solid evidence. Hence the given answer is located in the 2-5 lines of paragraph E.

14. Answer: C

Explanation: “If creationists and alternative medicine practitioners can gain respectability and widespread public and political support, so too can the pseudo-science of the anti-vaccinationists”. With this line it is clear that  alternative medicine practitioners are often supported by politicians. Hence the given answer is located in the 6-8 lines of paragraph D.

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