Australia’s Lost Giants Reading answers

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Australia's lost giants

1. F	5. B	9. D	13. FALSE
2. E	6. A	10. True
3. A	7. A	11. NOT GIVEN
4. E	8. A	12.NOT GIVEN

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The Australia’s Lost Giants Reading passage is taken from the official Cambridge guide 10, Test 6, Reading passage 2. Practice this reading passage to improve your reading and language skills. We have given Australia's lost giants reading answers for you to evaluate yourself as the IELTS reading module is considered to be difficult. 

The passage - Australia’s lost giants provides information about the Australian Megafauna that was existing in the Australian lands. Find the complete passage and three different question types for practice. Attempt them, then verify your answers right away with the Australia’s lost giants reading answers.

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Significance on “Australia’s Lost Giants” 

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• This passage has information about Australia's Lost Giants Reading, which includes information about a few extinct animals in Australia. 
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• Australia’s Lost Giants Reading passage and the solution are taken from Cambridge 10, Test 6, Reading passage 2.  

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IELTS reading passage -  Australia’s Lost Giants

Read the below reading passage carefully to answer all the challenging questions (1 - 13). Then, verify your answers with the given Australia’s Lost Giants Reading answers.

Australia’s Lost Giants Reading

A. The Victorian Cave was explored by a fossil hunter named Rod Wells, who came to Naracoorte, South Australia, in 1969. The narrow passages, which were distinctly clawed, led to huge chambers. The ground had red soil, and the floor was bedraggled with strange objects. It took Wells a moment to acknowledge that what he was checking out were the bones of thousands of animals that might have fallen from openings in the ground above and gotten stuck. Compared to the mammals found today in Australia, some of the oldest were far more sizable. These bones belonged to Australian megafauna—giant mammals of the Pleistocene epoch. Across the continent, in boneyards, fossils of a giant snake, a huge flightless bird, and a seven-foot kangaroo, to give some examples, were discovered by scientists. Considering the amount of light cast on the extinction of the dinosaurs, it's surprising that a little has been discovered about megafauna. Prehistoric humans never harmed Tyrannosaurus rex with spears, although they did hunt mammoths and mastodons.

B. Soon after the arrival of humans, the extinction of megafauna in America, including mammoths, saber-toothed cats, and gigantic sloths, occurred around 13,000 years ago. A paleoecologist named Paul Martin published a hypothesis known as the "blitzkrieg hypothesis" in the 1960s. Modern people caused chaos in the Americas by killing animals with spears. These animals had never seen a smart predator before, so they couldn't defend themselves.But this period of extinction was not complete. On the continent, North America retained its deer, black bears, and a small type of bison, and on the continent, South America had its jaguars and llamas.

C. It is confounding to witness the melancholy of Australia's large animals. For quite a long time, researchers put aside any other causes for extinction other than environmental changes. To be sure, Australia has been drying out for more than 1,000,000 years, and the megafauna were confronted with a landmass where vegetation had started to vanish. Tim Flannery, an Australian paleontologist, proposed that people who moved onto the continent around 50 centuries ago used fire to hunt. This was accompanied by deforestation. Something worrisome occurred to Australia's predominant land animals-somewhere around 46,000 years ago, not long after the intrusion of a profoundly wise hunter with excellent tools.
D. The controversy over megafauna revolves around the methods for dating old bones and the sediments in which they are buried. Only if scholars can demonstrate that the extinction of megafauna occurred within a few centuries, or possibly a couple thousand years, of the emergence of humans would the argument be strengthened-regardless of whether it was merely coincidental. Cuddie Springs in New South Wales can demonstrate this case without a shadow of a doubt. Judith Field, an archaeologist, is currently the most vocal. In 1991, she discovered megafauna bones as well as stone tools. This was a significant discovery. She claims there are two strata displaying the affiliation, one around 30,000 years old and the other around 35,000 years old. This suggests that people and megafauna coexisted in Australia for at least 20 thousand years. "What Cuddie Springs reveals is that you have a long cross-over of people and megafauna that existed together," Field added. Critics argue that the original locations of fossils were altered and were replaced by younger sediments.

E. Another renowned boneyard in a similar area is a spot called Wellington Caverns,Diprotodon, the largest known marsupial (an animal that, like kangaroos and koalas, bears its young in a pouch), was discovered.In 1830 a regional officer, George Rankin lowered down himself into the cave utilizing a rope snared to a hole in a cave wall. The hole was actually a bone. 12 months later a surveyor, Thomas Mitchell examined the caves in the area and gave Richard Owen, British paleontologist , who was recognised later for unraveling the existence of dinosaurs. extinct marsupial’s cave bones were found in Wellington. In 1909 and 1915 sediments in Mammoth Cave that consisted of fossils were dug out and studied in haphazard manner as a result of this no scolar agreed with these findings. Yet, a single bone particularly captured dramatic attention : a femur with a wound in it, possibly left there by a sharp tool.

F. Sadly, the Earth conserves its history in a chaotic manner.Bones degrade , the land erodes, the climate changes, the mere existence of forests is uncertain , rivers change their course and the history slowly gets disguised. Sadly, the Earth conserves its history in a chaotic manner. The storys constructed from time to time have limited information. Various rock art portrayed Australia's first people. The paintings of Palorchestes, a megafauna marsupial , on rock, in far northern Australia, was examined by Peter Murray, a Paleontologist. In Western Australia another site shows what seems to be a hunter with either a marsupial lion ; in the more recent historical era, the marsupial lion went extinct as they were bigger. "Every stage of the procedure requires analysis. The information does not speak for itself." said Murray .

Australia’s Lost Giants Reading 

Questions (1 - 5) 

The text above has six paragraphs, A-F. Which paragraphs contain the following information? Every question has only one answer but you may use any of the letters A-F for more than one question. Circle the correct letters in your answer sheet.
1.  examples of the kinds of animals that did not die out as a result of hunting     

2.  descriptions of naturally occurring events that make the past hard to trace

 3.  an account of the discovery of a particular animal which had died out

 4.  the suggestion that a procedure to uncover fossilized secrets was inappropriate

 5.  the reason why a variety of animals all died in the same small area

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Questions (6 - 9) 

6 Judith Field's opponents claim that
A. The fossils of some younger animals were found in Cuddie Springs.
B. There was a long co-existence of humans and megafauna.
C.  The layers where fossils were found had been displaced.

7 Judith Field claims that
A she made a great discovery in 1991
B she found fossil remains of giant animals in layers of sediments very close to those which had stone tools in them.
C she was most vocal about Cuddie Springs in South New Wales as an important archeological site
8 Which TWO of these possible reasons for Australian megafauna extinction are mentioned in the text? Choose TWO letters from A-E for question 8.
A human activity
B disease
C loss of habitat
D a drop in temperature
E the introduction of new animal species
9 The list below shows possible forms of proof for humans having contact with Australian megafauna. Which TWO possible forms of proof does the writer say have been found in Australia? Choose TWO letters from A-E for question 9.
A bone injury caused by a man-made object
B bones near to early types of weapons
C man-made holes designed for trapping animals
D preserved images of megafauna species
E animal remains at camp fires

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Questions (10 - 13)

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
Write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the informations
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

10 There is sufficient evidence to support Tim Flannery's ideas about megafauna extinction.
11 Extinct megafauna should receive more attention than the extinction of the dinosaurs.
12 The Aborigines should have found a more effective way to protest about Flannery's book.
13 There are problems with Paul Martin's 'blitzkrieg' hypothesis for the Americas.

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Australia’s Lost Giants reading answers

1. Paragraph B	5. Paragraph A	9. A,D	13. Not given
2. Paragraph F	6. C	10. False
3. Paragraph E	7. B	11. True
4. Paragraph E	8. A,C	12.Not given

Australia’s Lost Giants reading answers with explanations

The Australia's Lost Giants reading answers are intended to assess your knowledge of linguistic difficulties. The questions are usually paraphrased, therefore, reading the explanation will help you to understand underlying ideas

 1 Answer: B 

Explanation: The various species of animals that did not die out as a result of hunting were deer, black bears and a small type of bison from North America, and jaguars and llamas of South America.

2 Answer: F 

Explanation: The naturally occurring events such as disintegration of bones, erosion of land, climate change, etc. make it very difficult to trace the past as most of the evidence of the past is destroyed with the occurrence of such natural events. Therefore it becomes difficult to trace the evidence of the past.

3 Answer: E 

Explanation: A famous boneyard was discovered in a place called Wellington Caves in Australia, where an animal (largest known marsupial) was found that carries its young in a pouch like the kangaroos and koalas. Owen also recognised that the Wellington Cave bones belonged to an extinct marsupial.

4 Answer: E 

Explanation: Between 1909 and 1915, the sediments in Mammoth Cave that contained fossils and could unravel many secrets were uncovered in a very inappropriate and chaotic manner that any scientist today would not approve

5 Answer: A 

Explanation: The bones of a variety of animals which had died out had fallen through the holes in the ground above. They had then got trapped there after falling into the ground. Some of the oldest belonged to mammals far larger than any found today in Australia.

6 Answer: C 

Explanation: In paragraph D, the writer says that in 1991, Judith Field discovered megafauna bones directly adjacent to stone tools – a headline-making find. Later, it is given that her critics say the fossils have been ‘moved from their original resting places and redeposited in younger sediments’ (displaced). Hence, the answer is C

7 Answer: B 

Explanation: Paragraph D mentions the debate about megafauna pivots to a great degree on the techniques for ‘dating old bones and the sediments’ in which they are buried. As it happens, there is one place where there may be such evidence: Cuddie Springs in New South Wales. Today the person most vocal about the site is ‘archeologist Judith Field’. In 1991, she discovered ‘megafauna bones’ (fossil remains of giant animals) directly ‘adjacent to stone tools’ – a headline-making find. Hence, the answer is B

8 Answer: A,C 

Explanation: Paragraph C discussed that ‘Australia’ has been ‘drying out’ (extinction) for over a million years, and the ‘megafauna’ were faced with a continent where ‘vegetation began to disappear’ (loss of habitat). Australian paleontologist Tim Flannery suggests that ‘people, who arrived on the continent’  around 50,000 years ago, ‘used fire to hunt, which led to deforestation’ (human activity). Hence, the answer is A (human activity) & C (loss of habitat).

9 Answer: A,D 

Explanation: Paragraph E refers to the fact that between 1909 and 1915 sediments in Mammoth Cave (Australian site) that contained ‘fossils were hauled out and examined’ in a chaotic manner that no scientist today would approve. Still, one bone in particular has drawn extensive attention: ‘a femur with a cut’ (bone injury) in it, possibly ‘left there by a sharp tool’(man-made object).Further, it is added in Paragraph F that Australia’s first people expressed themselves in ‘rock art’ (preserved images). Paleontologist Peter Murray has studied a rock painting in far northern Australia that shows what looks very much like a ‘megafauna marsupial’ known as Palorchestes. Hence, the answer is A (bone injury caused by a man-made object) & D (preserved images of megafauna species)

10 Answer: FALSE 

Explanation: In paragraph C, it is stated that in Flannery’s 1994 book called The Future Eaters, he sets out his thesis that human beings are a new kind of animal on the planet, and are in general, one prone to ruining ecosystems. Flannery’s book proved highly controversial. The ‘more basic problem with Flannery’s thesis’ is that there is ‘no direct evidence’ that ‘they’ (Aborigines) ‘killed any Australian megafauna’. Hence, the answer is B (FALSE) as the statement contradicts the claims of the author.

11 Answer: TRUE 

Explanation: In paragraph A, the writer points out that in boneyards across the continent, scientists have found the fossils of a giant snake, a huge flightless bird, and a seven foot kangaroo, to name but a few. Given how much ink has been spilled on the extinction of the dinosaurs’, it’s a wonder that even more ‘hasn’t been devoted to megafauna’. Hence, the answer is A (TRUE) as the statement agrees with the claims of the author.

12 Answer: NOT GIVEN 

Explanation:In paragraph C, it is given that in Flannery’s 1994 book called ‘The Future Eaters’, he sets out his thesis that human beings are a new kind of animal on the planet, and are in general, one prone to ruining ecosystems. ‘Flannery’s book proved highly controversial’. Some viewed it as ‘critical of the Aborigines’, who pride themselves on living in harmony with nature. The more basic problem with Flannery’s thesis is that there is no direct evidence that they killed any Australian megafauna. As there is no mention of protest, hence, the answer is C (NOT GIVEN).

13 Answer: NOT GIVEN 

 Explanation: In paragraph B, it is given that In the 1960s, paleoecologist Paul Martin developed what became known as the ‘blitzkrieg hypothesis’. Modern humans, Martin said, created havoc as they spread through the Americas, wielding spears to annihilate animals that had never faced a technological predator. But this period of extinction wasn’t comprehensive. There is no mention of any problems in the theory. Hence, the answer is C (NOT GIVEN).

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Conclusion

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